Italian Greyhound: Antique elegance in miniature format
- dogpediaitaly
- Oct 8
- 16 min read
The Italian Greyhound (PLI) is the embodiment of grace and nobility. Originating from the Italian peninsula, it is the smallest of the sighthounds and boasts a history stretching back thousands of years to ancient Egypt. Despite its small size (3–5 kg), it has retained its innate ability to run and the athleticism typical of sighthounds. Once the companion of noble courts and the pharaohs, this dog is now a devoted and affectionate companion . Its short coat, elegant gait, and sensitive, cuddly nature make it a prized pet, ideal for those seeking a deep bond and a discreet but constant presence, although its strong hunting instinct and extreme speed should never be forgotten.
1. Detailed history and origins of the breed
The history of the Italian Greyhound (IGH) is a fascinating journey through millennia of civilization, making it one of the oldest breeds in the world.
From the Pharaonic Courts to the Renaissance
The PLI's roots are not limited to Italy, but date back to the smaller greyhounds that lived in ancient Egypt 4,000 to 7,000 years ago, as evidenced by finds and depictions in pharaonic tombs. These ancestors, much like the modern PLI, were prized for their elegance and, thanks to their remarkable speed (they can reach 60 km/h over short distances), were used to hunt small prey such as rabbits and hares by sight .
The breed later spread to Greece and arrived on the Italian peninsula in the 5th century BC via Phoenician merchants or Greek colonizers. Its popularity grew in Italy, especially in the coastal areas, where it combined its function as a hunting dog with that of a valuable companion .
The Italian Greyhound's heyday was the Renaissance (16th to 17th centuries). In the aristocratic courts of Italy and Europe, it became a symbol of status, luxury, and distinction. Queens, princesses, and noblemen highly valued it, as evidenced by its frequent depictions in paintings by the greatest Italian and foreign masters, including Titian, Giotto, and even Michelangelo, who immortalized its slender and distinguished silhouette. The breed thus became an artistic and cultural symbol, celebrated for its grace.
Crisis and Rebirth: Modern Selection
With the decline of the aristocratic courts, the breed was threatened with extinction or, worse, physical degeneration due to reckless attempts at extreme miniaturization, which compromised their health and physique. Many specimens were crossed to create even smaller dogs, thereby losing the typical athleticism of the greyhound.
Fortunately, thanks to the dedication of dog lovers, a rigorous restoration and selection program was initiated in the 19th and especially the 20th centuries , particularly in Germany and Italy (most notably with the "di Solcio" kennel in Italy), with the goal of restoring the breed's elegant proportions and original healthy constitution. The goal was to establish a standard that honored its heritage as a miniature sighthound.
The ENCI (Italian National Kennel Club) and the FCI (International Cynological Federation) officially recognized the breed with the original current standard published on November 13, 2015, placing it in Group 10 (Sighthounds), Section 3 (Short-haired Sighthounds) without a working trial, although it continues to be used in races and simulated coursing .
The Italian Greyhound is therefore the result of an ancient hunting history and a long selection process as a companion dog, a miniature athlete who carries within him the elegance of a bygone era.
Historical period | Role and distribution | Highlights |
Ancient Egypt (4000–7000 years ago) | Hunting and companion dog at the pharaonic courts. | Very ancient origins. Used for sight hunting. |
Ancient Rome/Greece | Spreading throughout the Mediterranean. Transitioning to the role of a company. | Arrival in Italy via dealer. |
Renaissance (16th-17th centuries) | Widely used in Europe. A status symbol in aristocratic courts. | Often depicted in works of art. Chosen for its elegance. |
19th - 20th century | Crisis and risk of degenerative changes. Recovery and strict selection in Italy and Germany. | Sets the modern standard and restores athleticism and health. |
2. Physical characteristics and breed standard
The Piccolo Levriero Italiano (PIL) is the epitome of elegance. It's not just a small dog, but a true sighthound on a smaller scale. The FCI standard describes a dog with a slender body, lean musculature, and harmonious proportions, making it a paragon of grace.
General morphology and proportions
The body of the Italian Greyhound can be described as square , meaning it is just below the height at the withers. Its silhouette is long and fine, with a slender and lean, yet distinct muscular structure, testifying to its running ability.
Height at the withers: For both males and females the ideal height is between 32 and 38 cm .
Weight: Extremely light, between 3 and 5 kg . A weight that is too low may indicate fragility.
Head: It is elongated and narrow , with a flat skull. The head can be up to 40% of the height at the withers, giving it a very distinctive shape. The muzzle is tapered and thin, with narrow lips. The stop (the depression between the forehead and muzzle) is barely pronounced.
Nose: Preferably dark, tending towards black, with wide, well-opened nostrils.
Anatomical-functional details
Eyes: Large, round, dark in color and expressive, giving an intelligent and sensitive appearance.
Ears: They are small, thin, and set high on the head. They are called "rose" or "roof" ears. When at rest, they are folded back and lie flat against the neck. However, when the dog is alert or alert, they stand up at the base (tending or floating), a typical sign of selective attention.
Torso: The back is straight or slightly arched in the loins, with a slight bulge in the belly (tucked-up loins), which contributes to the athletic appearance. The chest is narrow but deep.
Limbs: They are perfectly straight and slender, with well-developed but not heavy muscles. Correct angulation of the limbs is essential for a lively gait. A typical posture depicted in historical paintings is that of the elegantly raised foreleg.
Tail: Set low, fine and long, tapering towards the tip and carried low, with a slight curve under the tail, never curled over the back.
Gait: The light, springy, and pounding gait is typical of a racing dog. Speed over short distances is a distinguishing feature of the breed.
Fur and color
The Italian Greyhound is a dog with a short , fine , and silky coat that is smooth and soft to the touch and lies very close to the thin skin on its body. The almost complete lack of subcutaneous fat and undercoat makes it particularly sensitive to cold and humidity, a crucial aspect of its daily grooming.
Accepted Colors: The standard accepts all solid colors, including black , gray (in various shades, such as slate gray), and fawn (Isabella, sandy yellow/beige, or other shades of red).
Tolerances: White markings are tolerated only on the chest and legs. Other colors or extensive markings are not permitted.
In short, the Italian Greyhound is a living sculpture, a perfect balance between aesthetic finesse and athletic power in a compact format.
feature | FCI Standard (Essential Details) |
Size/Weight | 32–38 cm height at withers; 3-5kg |
Proportions | Body square (body length ≈ height at withers). |
Head | Elongated, narrow, and flat. Conical snout. |
ears | Small, thin, set high, folded backwards when at rest (“rose-shaped”). |
Coat | Short, fine, silky and straight hair. |
Colors | Black, gray, or solid fawn. White only on the chest and feet. |
3. Temperament and character of the breed
The Italian Greyhound (IGH) has a captivating personality, a blend of sensitivity, devotion, and playful athleticism. These dogs form a close bond with their owners, but should not be confused with fragile lapdogs; behind their elegant appearance lie a lively mind and a strong hunting instinct.
Affection, devotion and sensitivity
What makes the Italian Greyhound so special is its absolute devotion and almost constant need for physical contact with its owners. It is a companion dog par excellence:
“Velcro dog”: He always likes to be in the company of his owner, follows him around the house and prefers physical proximity, often seeks cuddles and shares sofas or blankets, especially because he needs warmth (see sensitivity to cold).
Intelligent and affectionate: Highly intelligent and eager to please , he is generally easy to train as long as you are gentle, patient, and consistent. He does not respond well to coercive methods or harsh reprimands, which can make him shy or submissive.
Sensitivity: This breed is known for its sensitivity . It absorbs the emotions of its surroundings like a sponge. A calm and harmonious home is essential for its emotional well-being. It doesn't tolerate chaos, shouting, or excessive excitement well.
Dynamics and hunting instinct
Despite the image of a sophisticated lapdog, the PLI has a strong sporty and dynamic side:
Athletic and fast: He is a sighthound, and therefore has a strong running instinct and surprising speed for his size. He loves fast sprints and intense play. He needs plenty of daily exercise, combined with relaxed walks and opportunities to run freely (although always in a safe, fenced area due to his strong hunting instinct).
Hunting instinct (Sighthound): As a sighthound, he has a strong hunting instinct to chase anything that moves quickly (small animals, unfamiliar cats, bicycles). For this reason, it is important to keep him on a leash in unfenced or unguarded areas, as he loses his auditory attention when chased and can run incredibly far.
Behavior in the home: At home, he is discreet, quiet (he barks very little), and unobtrusive. He loves to make himself comfortable and enjoys relaxing in warm, cozy places after a run, making him a true homebody.
Social interaction
Towards strangers: Tends to be suspicious or reserved towards strangers. Not aggressive, but often needs time to gain trust and bond, preferring to observe from a distance before approaching.
With other animals: They generally get along well with other dogs, especially when introduced as puppies. Living with small pets (cats, rabbits) can be peaceful if raised together, but due to their strong hunting instinct, caution and supervision are required.
With children: He can be a good companion for children, but only if they are balanced and calm and are trained to treat the dog with kindness and respect, avoiding overly rough or intrusive games that could frighten or injure the Italian Greyhound due to its delicate physical structure.
In short, the PLI is a lively and playful, but extremely sensitive companion who needs a loving, calm owner who will devote time to him.
Main feature | Detailed description |
Devotion and affection | “Velcro dog”, longs for physical contact and constant company. |
Intelligence/Trainability | Very intelligent and eager to please; requires gentle, consistent training. |
Emotional sensitivity | He suffers from loneliness and chaos and reacts badly to criticism and tension. |
Hunting/running instinct | Strong hunting instinct (greyhound); requires fenced areas for free movement. |
Domestic behavior | Quiet, discreet and a lover of relaxation in warm surroundings. |
4. Main skills and strengths for the selection line
The Italian Greyhound is not a uniform breed. Historically, its breeding has been divided into lines that emphasize athleticism and those that prioritize companionship and aesthetics. Its strengths lie in the unique combination of refined athleticism and a devoted temperament.
1. Athletic skills: The miniature sprinter
Despite its size, the PLI has all the physical abilities of the larger greyhounds, especially in terms of sprinting speed .
Speed and impulsion (Sighthound): Its primary ability is running. It is incredibly fast over short distances and possesses the agility and acceleration required for sight hunting. This ability is still measured today in sporting disciplines such as racing and coursing (simulated on an artificial hare) . Specimens selected for competition possess an optimal physical structure with lean musculature and a particularly powerful gait.
Unexpected agility and strength: The Italian Greyhound is not inherently fragile, but strong and resilient in adulthood. He displays a liveliness and cheerfulness that makes him tireless in playing and sprinting. He is capable of "clown-like performances" that reveal his vitality.
Sharp eyesight: Like all sighthounds, he has exceptionally sharp eyesight, which is essential for his hunting instinct and chase.
2. Quality of companionship: Aristocratic devotion
His unsurpassed strength is his highly developed temperament as a companion , the result of centuries of living in close contact with people on farms.
Affection and extreme devotion: The Italian Greyhound is exceptionally affectionate, sweet, and even-tempered . Its primary purpose is to keep its owner company. It is deeply attached to its family and gives them unobtrusive but consistent affection.
Adaptability to the home environment: This dog is a homebody by nature. He adapts perfectly to apartment life, provided he gets daily exercise. He loves the comfort, peace, and convenience of home and displays patience and calmness there.
Elegance and distinction: His slender appearance, clean lines, and proud, graceful posture are an aesthetic strength that has made him a protagonist of art. He is the prototype of refinement and elegance in miniature.
3. Selection and priority lines
Historically, PLI selection focused on two main aspects that now coexist:
selection line | Main goal | Developed strengths |
Morphological line (beauty) | Conformity to the standard of beauty, elegance and appearance. | Extreme refinement, grace, aristocratic appearance, absence of aesthetic defects. |
Work/Sport Line (Performance) | Maintaining suitability for racing (racing, coursing). | Sprinting speed, athletic endurance, muscle balance, hunting instinct . |
Selection of companion animals: Today, most modern breeders aim to breed specimens that combine aesthetic elegance with a particularly balanced, docile temperament suitable for family life, while maintaining structural integrity that prevents fragility.
In short, the PLI offers the best of both worlds: the lively athleticism of a greyhound and the unconditional devotion of a companion dog, all wrapped up in an unparalleled aesthetic.
5. Weaknesses and potential challenges of the breed
Due to its delicate constitution and sensitive nature, the Italian Greyhound (IGH) has some challenges and vulnerabilities that every potential owner should be aware of and carefully address.
Physical challenges and health problems
His physical condition, while athletic, is also the source of his greatest weaknesses, especially during the growth phase:
Bone fragility (fractures): This is the most common vulnerability. Due to their long, thin legs (especially the front legs) and their playful, agile nature, puppies and young Italian Greyhounds are extremely susceptible to bone fractures , even from jumps from low heights (sofa, bed) or accidents during play. Constant supervision is required at a young age.
Dental problems: The PLI is highly susceptible to dental problems such as loose teeth, cavities, early tartar buildup, and gingivitis . Regular dental cleanings (brushing) and frequent veterinary examinations are essential to prevent premature tooth loss.
Cold sensitivity: Due to its short coat and lack of subcutaneous fat, this breed is extremely sensitive to cold and humidity. During the colder months, it requires fur and a warm home. It tends to shiver in the cold, which is not always a sign of fear but often a physiological reaction to a drop in temperature.
Patellar luxation: Like many small breeds, he is prone to patellar luxation , an orthopedic condition that can lead to lameness.
Behavioral and management challenges
The delicate temperament and hunting instinct require an attentive and conscious owner:
Separation anxiety and loneliness: The Italian Greyhound is a dog that cannot tolerate prolonged solitude . Their devotion leads to a strong dependence on their owner, making them prone to separation anxiety if left alone for too long or too often. They are not the ideal breed for people who work outside the home all day.
Strong hunting instinct (danger of flight): The urge to run and chase on sight presents a significant challenge for dog owners. Unless kept in a secure, fenced area, the dog must be kept on a leash at all times . Chasing prey or vehicles can lead to impulsive flight and serious accidents (cars, falls). Owners must curb this instinct through training and constant supervision.
Shyness and caution: Without early and positive socialization, the Italian Greyhound can become overly shy or cautious around strangers, noise, or new situations. It is important to gently and gradually introduce them to new people, places, and sounds from a young age.
Sensitivity to anesthetics: Greyhounds generally have a unique liver metabolism, which makes them more sensitive to certain anesthetics . It's important that your veterinarian is familiar with the breed and uses specific anesthesia protocols for greyhounds to avoid complications.
Overcoming these challenges requires time and attention, but in return the owner receives the unconditional affection of an extraordinarily sensitive and loyal dog.
Physical weaknesses | Behavioral and management challenges |
Bone fractures (especially growth fractures) | Separation anxiety and intolerance of loneliness. |
Dental problems (tartar, gingivitis, tooth loss) | Strong hunting instinct (leash/secure fence required). |
Heat sensitivity (needs fur and warmth) | Shyness/distrust of strangers (early socialization required). |
Patellar luxation | Sensitivity to anesthesia and medications (specific veterinary protocols). |
6. Care, health and nutrition: A personalized approach
Grooming the Italian Greyhound (IGH) is relatively simple, but requires careful attention to its health and a diet tailored to its needs as a lean, athletic dog.
Grooming and hygiene
The Italian Greyhound's coat care is one of the easiest of all breeds:
Coat: Because the coat is short and smooth, it doesn't require extensive brushing. Brushing once a week with a rubber cloth or a soft glove is sufficient to remove dead hair and improve the coat's shine .
Swimming: Swimming is only possible if necessary.
Nails: Because they are so active, their nails sometimes wear down naturally, but it is important to check and trim them regularly.
Dental Care (IMPORTANT): Given their predisposition to dental problems (tartar, gingivitis) , daily brushing is the most important preventative measure. Regular veterinary dental checkups and, if necessary, professional tartar removal are also recommended.
Health and disease prevention
Life expectancy in PLI is generally good, ranging between 14 and 15 years . In addition to preventing fractures (see weak points), it is important to monitor certain conditions:
Hypothyroidism: This condition is sometimes misdiagnosed in greyhounds because many naturally have lower thyroid hormone levels than other breeds (physiological greyhound hypothyroidism). Diagnosis and any replacement therapy must be carefully assessed by your veterinarian based on clinical signs, not just blood tests.
Orthopedic examinations: Monitoring for patellar luxation and skeletal problems, especially during growth.
Sensitivity to anesthetics: Always ask your veterinarian to use anesthesia protocols specifically tailored to greyhounds before any surgery or sedation.
Nutrition: A personalized approach for the lean athlete
The PLI needs a diet that supports his high metabolism and muscles and keeps him at his ideal weight (3-5 kg) without becoming underweight or overweight:
Balanced diet: The diet must be rich in high-quality proteins (lean meat, fish), essential fats and easily digestible carbohydrates (taking into account the needs of a carnivore).
Weight control: Since he has very little body fat, monitoring his weight is essential. Being overweight or underweight can put a strain on his joints and overall health.
Meal frequency: Puppies generally need 3-4 meals per day, while adult dogs thrive on two meals a day . To promote good digestion, never offer food immediately after exercise.
Supplements: On veterinary advice, supplements such as:
Omega-3: For healthy skin and coat.
Chondroprotectors: To support joint health.
Probiotics: For the digestive system.
Post-exertional hyperlordosis: Some greyhounds may swallow air when eating too quickly. Using anti-gulping bowls or elevated bowls is helpful.
Forbidden foods: As with all dogs, chocolate, grapes, raisins, citrus fruits, macadamia nuts, onions, and garlic are strictly prohibited. It is always advisable to consult a veterinary nutritionist to determine the most appropriate diet, whether based on high-quality dry food or a home-prepared diet.
Care area | Important details | Additional information |
Body care | Weekly brushing, daily dental cleaning. | Smooth, easy-care coat. Oral hygiene is a top priority. |
Health | Regular veterinary examinations (orthopedic and dental). | Inform your veterinarian about any sensitivity to anesthetics. |
diet | Protein-rich, balanced diet, two meals a day. | Consult a nutritionist. Avoid being overweight or underweight. |
Thermal | Protection from cold and moisture (use of coats). | It is a dog that loves to stay warm. |
7. Breed behavior in the family: Who is it suitable for?
The Italian Greyhound (IGH) is an extremely affectionate and sensitive companion dog, but its special care requirements and sensitive temperament make it the ideal choice for a clearly defined owner profile.
Who is the ideal family for the PLI?
The PLI thrives in an environment that offers love, peace, and constant companionship:
Balanced and calm owners: The ideal companion for a PLI is calm, balanced , and possesses a certain emotional maturity . The PLI absorbs its owner's emotions, so a calm home environment is crucial for its stability. This dog is not suitable for those seeking a companion that requires command or strict training, but rather for those who desire a relationship based on mutual listening and gentle gestures .
Lovers of constant companionship: The PLI is a "velcro dog" who suffers greatly from loneliness . It is ideal for singles, older couples, or people who work from home or have very flexible hours. It is not suitable for people with busy schedules or frequent travel who would leave it with others for extended periods.
Apartment Dweller (with confident movement): Despite his speed, his compact size and calm indoor nature make him well-adapted to apartment living. However, he requires short, intensive daily off-leash sessions (30–60 minutes) in a well-fenced yard or a completely secure area (such as a dog racing track or coursing course) to safely exercise his hunting instincts.
Be aware of the risk of bone fractures: The ideal family must be extremely careful and protective , especially with puppies, to avoid accidents and bone fractures caused by careless jumping or rough play.
Dealing with children and other animals
Children: The Italian Greyhound can live with children, but must be cautious in their interactions. They are better suited to quiet families with older children (who understand respect and gentleness) than to households with young children who could accidentally injure the dog during play or cause excessive excitement, which the Italian Greyhound dislikes.
Other dogs/animals: Generally compatible with domestic dogs, but living with small animals such as rabbits or rodents is not recommended due to his strong hunting instinct.
The Italian Greyhound is ultimately a companion for those who value discreet elegance and deep devotion, and who can devote time and patience to a sensitive soul who prefers routine, silence, and loving closeness to everything else.
Ideal profile | Benefits of PLI | Things to consider |
People who work from home/retirees | He loves constant company, at home he is discreet and quiet. | He suffers from separation anxiety and needs constant presence. |
Calm and balanced owners | Gentle temperament; dislikes confusion, shouting, or coercion. | Sensitive to tension; requires patience and gentleness in training. |
Lovers of elegance and running | Refinement model; requires short, intensive sprints. | Strong hunting instinct; requires leash and 100% secure enclosure. |
8. Famous examples: Royal, cinematic and historical icons
The long history of the Italian Greyhound as a farm dog and artistic muse has left a legacy of specimens that have shaped history and art.
Royal and noble icons
During the Renaissance, owning a PLI was a sign of nobility and distinction. Many prominent historical figures had these elegant companions at their side:
Frederick II of Prussia (Frederick the Great): Perhaps the most famous lover of this breed. The Prussian king not only owned numerous Italian Greyhounds (which he affectionately called "my little ones"), but also frequently traveled with them and had them, and eventually himself, buried in a grave specially built for them on his Sanssouci estate in Potsdam. His affection was legendary.
Catherine the Great of Russia: The Russian Empress, a well-known patron of the arts, also greatly appreciated the PLI and was often depicted in paintings of the period.
Mary Stuart: It is said that after her execution, an Italian greyhound was found hidden under her clothing, proving her unbreakable bond with her mistress.
Queen Victoria of England: She contributed to the spread of the breed in Great Britain in the 19th century, promoted its breeding and helped to establish the standard.
Protagonists of art and historical cynophilia
The presence of the PLI in art is an indelible sign of its cultural significance:
Renaissance painting: As already mentioned, the PLI appears in countless works of art. Artists such as Titian , Giotto , and even Michelangelo immortalized them, elevating them to symbols of elegance and fidelity. It is especially common in portraits of noble women.
Historic breeds: Personalities such as Count Cavallini and his Italian breeding station "di Solcio" (active in the early 20th century) were instrumental in the revival and selection of the modern breed. Specimens such as the champion Nello di Solcio are considered pillars of the contemporary bloodline. Other important historic lines originate from German breeding stations such as "von Westerberg" and "vd Ostsee."
Presences in today's world
Although less common than other breeds, the PLI continues to be present in the modern world and is often associated with public figures who appreciate its discretion and elegance:
Contemporary royal specimens: The Swedish royal family and Prince Albert of Monaco are among the recent personalities who have chosen this breed as a companion.
Social media icons: In internet culture, PLIs have gained popularity due to their photogenic and often humorous appearance (due to their severe shivering in the cold and their strange sunbathing positions), sometimes becoming viral icons that bring them to the attention of the general public.
The Italian Greyhound is a dog that has passed from the sofas of pharaohs and kings to modern homes around the world, while retaining its charm as a historical icon of grace and devotion.
Comments